Glutathione

Glutathione is a small molecule made up of three amino acids – cysteine, glycine and glutamic acid – and one of the most important antioxidants the body produces itself. It is found in almost every cell, with the highest levels in the liver. It helps neutralise free radicals, regenerate vitamins C and E and supports the processes by which the liver breaks down and eliminates various substances. As a dietary supplement it is available as glutathione capsules, tablets and in liposomal form.

Glutathione from capsules is partly broken down during digestion, so manufacturers use forms for which better bioavailability is claimed: reduced glutathione (often labelled Setria®), liposomal glutathione and buccal tablets that dissolve in the mouth. Another strategy is to take the "building blocks" from which the body makes glutathione itself, above all N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Other antioxidants – alpha-lipoic acid, resveratrol, astaxanthin – can be found in the antioxidants category, and liver products in the liver and gallbladder category.

Forms of glutathione – overview

Who glutathione is most often recommended for

Glutathione is most often chosen by people who want extra antioxidant support: during stress and intense training, smokers and former smokers, older people (glutathione levels decline with age) and those looking after their liver health. It is also often sought for the skin and an even complexion, but there is not enough reliable evidence for such effects of oral glutathione, so it should not be expected to lighten the skin.

Glutathione in ampoules and infusions is not a dietary supplement but a product for parenteral use, administered exclusively in a healthcare facility at a doctor's discretion. This category contains oral forms only.

How to choose and use glutathione

• Form: capsules of reduced glutathione are enough to start with; choose the liposomal form if better protection during digestion matters to you.
• Combination: vitamin C, selenium and alpha-lipoic acid are part of the same antioxidant system, so they are common in combination formulas.
• Taking it: according to the manufacturer's instructions, usually on an empty stomach or between meals. Do not expect results immediately – the product is used continuously for several weeks.
• Price per day: products vary considerably in the amount of glutathione per capsule, so divide the price by the number of daily servings in the pack.

Frequently asked questions

What is glutathione?

Glutathione is an antioxidant that the body makes itself from three amino acids. It protects cells from oxidative stress, regenerates vitamins C and E and is involved in liver function.

Which glutathione is the best?

Reduced glutathione in capsules and liposomal glutathione are the most common choices. The liposomal form is more expensive, but manufacturers claim better protection during digestion. It is important that the label states the amount of glutathione per capsule.

Does glutathione have contraindications?

As a dietary supplement it is well tolerated, but it is not recommended without medical advice for pregnant and breastfeeding women, people with asthma and those undergoing cancer treatment. Mild digestive complaints are possible.

Glutathione in tablets or ampoules?

Capsules and tablets are dietary supplements for self-use at home. Glutathione in ampoules and infusions is administered only in a healthcare facility, at a doctor's discretion.